The Chaco Road System - Southwestern Americas Ancient Roads

The Chaco Road System - Southwestern America's Ancient Roads One of the most entrancing and charming parts of Chaco Canyon is the Chaco Road, an arrangement of streets transmitting out from numerous Anasazi Great House locales, for example, Pueblo Bonito, Chetro Ketl and Una Vida, and driving towards little anomaly destinations and characteristic highlights inside and past as far as possible. Through satellite pictures and ground examinations, archeologists have recognized at any rate eight fundamental streets that together run for in excess of 180 miles (ca 300 kilometers), and are in excess of 30 feet (10 meters) wide. These were exhumed into a smooth leveled surface in the bedrock or made through the expulsion of vegetation and soil. The Ancestral Puebloan (Anasazi) occupants of Chaco Canyon cut huge slopes and flights of stairs into the bluff stone to associate the roadways on the ridgetops of the ravine to the locales on the valley bottoms. The biggest streets, built simultaneously the same number of the Great Houses (Pueblo II stage between AD 1000 and 1125), are: the Great North Road, the South Road, the Coyote Canyon Road, the Chacra Face Road, Ahshislepah Road, Mexican Springs Road, the West Road and the shorter Pintado-Chaco Road. Straightforward structures like embankments and dividers are found now and again adjusted along the courses of the streets. Likewise, a few tracts of the streets lead to common highlights, for example, springs, lakes, peaks and apexes. The Great North Road The longest and generally well known of these streets is the Great North Road. The Great North Road starts from various courses near Pueblo Bonito and Chetro Ketl. These streets join at Pueblo Alto and from that point lead north past as far as possible. There are no networks along the streets course, aside from little, disconnected structures. The Great North Road doesn't interface Chacoan people group to other significant focuses outside the ravine. Additionally, material proof of exchange along the street is scant. From a simply useful point of view, the street appears to go no place. Reasons for the Chaco Road Archeological understandings of the Chaco street framework are separated between a monetary reason and an emblematic, ideological job connected to tribal Puebloan convictions. The framework was first found toward the finish of the nineteenth century, and first uncovered and concentrated during the 1970s. Archeologists proposed that the streets principle reason for existing was to move neighborhood and colorful merchandise inside and outside the gorge. Somebody likewise recommended that these enormous streets were utilized to rapidly move a military from the gulch to the exception networks, a reason like the street frameworks known for the Roman domain. This keep going situation has for quite some time been disposed of on account of the absence of any proof of a lasting armed force. The monetary motivation behind the Chaco street framework is appeared by the nearness of extravagance things at Pueblo Bonito and somewhere else in the gully. Things, for example, macaws, turquoise, marine shells, and imported vessels demonstrate the significant distance business relations Chaco had with different districts. A further recommendation is that the far reaching utilization of wood in Chacoan constructionsa asset not locally availableneeded an enormous and simple transportation framework. Chaco Road Religious Significance Different archeologists think rather that the fundamental motivation behind the street framework was a strict one, giving pathways to intermittent journeys and encouraging local social affairs for occasional services. Moreover, taking into account that a portion of these streets appear to go no place, specialists propose that they can be linkedespecially the Great North Roadto cosmic perceptions, solstice stamping, and agrarian cycles. This strict clarification is upheld by present day Pueblo convictions about a North Road prompting their place of birthplace and along which the spirits of the dead travel. As indicated by present day pueblo individuals, this street speaks to the association with the shipapu, the spot of development of the predecessors. During their excursion from the shipapu to the universe of the living, the spirits stop along the street and eat the food left for them by the living. What Archeology educates us Concerning the Chaco Road Cosmology unquestionably assumed a significant job in Chaco culture, as it is noticeable in the north-south hub arrangement of numerous formal structures. The fundamental structures at Pueblo Bonito, for instance, are organized by this heading and most likely filled in as focal spots for formal excursions over the scene. Meager centralizations of clay sections along the North Road have been identified with a type of ceremonial exercises did along the roadway. Disengaged structures situated on the side of the road just as on the gully bluffs and edge peaks have been deciphered as holy places identified with these exercises. At long last, highlights, for example, long straight depressions were cut into the bedrock along specific streets which dont appear to highlight a particular bearing. It has been suggested that these were a piece of journey ways followed during ceremonial services. Archeologists concur that the motivation behind this street framework may have changed through time and that the Chaco Road framework most likely worked for both financial and ideological reasons. Its hugeness for archaic exploration lies in the likelihood to comprehend the rich and complex social articulation of genealogical Puebloan social orders. Sources This article is a piece of the About.com manual for the Anasazi (Ancestral Puebloan) Culture, and the Dictionary of Archeology. Cordell, Linda 1997 The Archeology of the Southwest. Second Edition. Scholastic Press Soafer Anna, Michael P. Marshall and Rolf M. Sinclair 1989 The incomparable North Road: a cosmographic articulation of the Chaco culture of New Mexico. In World Archaeoastronomy, altered by Anthony Aveni, Oxford University Press. pp: 365-376 Vivian, R. Gwinn and Bruce Hilpert 2002 The Chaco Handbook. An Encyclopedic Guide. The University of Utah Press, Salt Lake City.

Sociology Essay Paper Example For Students

Humanism Essay Paper A sociologist’s objective is to recognize repeating examples of and impacts on social conduct. Sociologists utilize about all the strategies for securing data, from cutting edge numerical measurements to the translation of writings to examine social conduct. The humanist use overviews, direct perception, analyzes, and existing sources. They utilize these techniques to tackle issues about social conduct in human gatherings just as people. In their exploration, they search for essential assets. These essential assets can be registration and crucial reports from the administration. The primary strategy is the review. A review is an investigation, for the most part as a meeting or poll, which give sociologists data concerning how individuals think and act. It is frequently an assortment and examination of reactions of huge examples of individuals. The review surveys are intended to evoke people’s suppositions, mentalities, and opinions about a particular subject. An overvie w ought to be exact. The best way to ensure a study is exact is to make the inquiry explicit. A compelling inquiry must be clear and justifiable. This will dispense with issues and give sociologists the sort of data wanted. There are two primary kinds of reviews. They are the meeting and the survey. These two strategies represent an extensive test for examiners. There are numerous focal points of the meeting strategy. One is that the questioner can get a high reaction rate since individuals would not turn them down eye to eye rather than the survey. Another bit of leeway is that a questioner can dive somewhere down in to the person’s sentiments and find a genuine solution. In a composed survey, the humanist wouldn’t know whether the individual were lying about the subject. In a meeting, the analyst can take a gander at a person’s outward appearances and hand motions. The main bit of leeway that the poll has is that it’s less expensive to experience the ex amination. Once in a while it is hard to utilize these techniques since it doesn’t comply with race and gander members. Another strategy is perception. A perception is a direct record of data from the individual or people contemplating the gathering. Perception studies might be utilized to improve the approaches and structures of associations. A few sociologists get data through member perception. Member perception permits a humanist to incidentally become or professing to turn into an individual from the gathering being considered. Sociologists likewise get data by depending on proficient witnesses of the gathering. This mentions the objective fact technique the most tedious strategy for look into. An individual must include him/herself altogether and become one with the gathering. The perception procedure may create a few difficulties for the scientist. The analysts ought to completely comprehend what they’re watching. The scientist ought not grow cozy connections to where he/she can not think of a legitimate end. Sociologists likewise use explores as one of their examination techniques. Sociologists utilize an analysis to examine circumstances and logical results connections. An examination is a test or preliminary misleadingly made. The circumstance permits the scientist to frame factors and present control factors. So as to complete a test, two gatherings of individuals are chosen. One would be the exploratory gathering and the other the benchmark group. The test bunch is presented to an autonomous variable. The free factor is adjusted and impacts an adjustment in the exploratory gathering. Sociologists frequently utilize old information in their examination. Old information would incorporate maps, enumeration, and insights. They utilize optional investigation, which is an assortment of procedures that utilize information. Normally, data specialists get isn't taken a gander at a similar path as it was by the underlying authorities. People’s conduct is non-responsive in light of the fact that it isn't impacted. The main issue with utilizing different people’s information is that it may not be precise, and it may not relate precisely to what the specialist is searching for. Reference index:

11 Fears Every Entrepreneur Must Overcome

11 Fears Every Entrepreneur Must Overcome When you see some famous entrepreneurs on TV or the internet, you probably think “Wow, their life must be great, they have their own business, and they have it easy in life!”However, that is definitely not the case.Being a successful entrepreneur is one of the toughest “jobs” one may have. It includes a lot of stress because you would have some very hard decisions to make and it is definitely not a profession for everyone.Today we are here to talk about some of the struggles you may have if you are an entrepreneur or if you want to become one.We will discuss what entrepreneurs fear the most, whether they are experienced or new to what it really means to be an entrepreneur.Without any further due, let’s begin!1. FEAR OF CHANGEAs we grow up, we meet new people, learn new things and build our character along the way.So, we can say that living a life is going through a series of constant changes.Sometimes those changes make us feel fear, but eventually, it is something we canno t control and to what we can only adapt and accept it.That’s why we often try to stay in our comfort zone, where we feel safe and where we can act naturally and without having to worry about anything.So, in other words, we prefer peace and quiet. But why is that so bad?Well, the world around us is constantly changing.New inventions, new products and new systems of production change the way not just business is done, but the way we live our lives every day.And in today’s world, the business environment is very dynamic and is changing rapidly.In order for you, as a company, to be successful and even survive in that kind of world, you have to be open to changes and learn to adapt to them.If you try to ignore them, you won’t be able to keep up with your competitors, which could lead your business to an unfortunate end.Innovation and adaptability are keys to success and are an essential part of modern business, so you need to be able to accept that fact and try to make the best of your situation.Learn new ways of production, think of some innovative products or different versions of products and your business will stay alive and it is more likely that it will become a success.2. FEAR OF FAILUREOne of the most common fears, not just in business, but in every-day life as well, is the fear of failure. Fear that makes us either quit too early or just give up on doing something at all.For instance, let’s say that you really like some girl and that you would really want to get out with her.Of course, people will say you have two choices: either to try and ask her out, with some probability of rejection or to give up and move on with your life.As for me, I would say there is only one choice, which is to be a man and ask her out.There is nothing to lose here, except perhaps hurting your pride a bit if you get rejected.This is the way winners think. There is no try, just do or do not.Of course, all of this can also be applied to business. If you are an entrepreneur or you are willing to become one, you have to overcome your fear of failure and act because without trying and making some tough decisions, you cannot hope to build a successful business.What can you do to boost your self-confidence and reduce the fear of failure?Well, one very good solution is to have a backup plan in case you don’t manage to succeed to implement the plan you first had.That way, even if you failed, you would have a different approach to the situation and something else to do, which would help reduce the fear of failure and go through with your plans.3. FEAR OF NOT KNOWING ENOUGHOne of the most important lessons we learn, either at home or in school, is that knowledge is infinite and that no one can know everything, because there is always something new to learn about.That means our search for knowledge never ends and we are always trying to acquire new skills, learn new things and meet new people in order to broaden our views.That’s why it can often happen that we are afraid of doing something, just because we think we don’t know how to do it properly.Sometimes, we actually don’t know things.For instance, if you’re just starting your first job, no one will expect that you know how to do everything that is expected of you since it is your first job after all.In that situation, we may feel a bit afraid of failing to do our tasks and letting down your team, but that is something which shouldn’t bother you too much because you will learn over time.Being an entrepreneur, especially a new one, can feel overwhelming and you may not know everything related to it, so do not be afraid to ask other people about their own experiences and tough situations they had encountered.There are organizations where entrepreneurs can talk to each other and share their experiences in order to help new entrepreneurs start their own journeys.Apart from that, be sure to ask for feedback from your own clients and customers.That way you can what they like and do not like about your business, which would help you improve it.4. FEAR OF THE UNKNOWNAll throughout history, people have been afraid of the unknown.It is a natural human response, a defense mechanism of sorts, which helps us stay inside our comfort zone where we feel safe.For example, in medieval times, medicine was still unfamiliar to the people, but there were some people who knew how to use their environment and herbs with medicinal properties in order to heal others.Those people were often feared and their skills were associated with the devil, due to the very high influence church had during Dark ages.So instead of accepting their help, people were often reluctant to it and healers were often subjected to physical violence and murder.It is similar when it comes to everything else in life, as well as in business.When we meet something unknown to us, we have fears on how it could affect our business and whether it could be a good thing or something that could possibly have a ne gative impact on what we do.One thing that is certain is that which is unknown always lead to some changes and it is up to you to decide whether you want to succumb to that fear and let it consume you and have negative effect on your business, or you will try to face that fear and manage to conquer it in order to adapt to all those changes and potentially improve your business.One good way of doing that is having a really good business plan to follow, so make sure that when you need to create one, think very carefully on how you intend to build a lasting business plan.5. FEAR OF INVESTING IN YOUR BUSINESSOne very funny thought a lot of inexperienced entrepreneurs have is that they can form a business only to reap its benefits, without having to invest in it too much.Let me tell you something, that is simply not possible.If your real intention is to become a successful entrepreneur, you will have to invest everything, your money, your time and your skills in making your dream become reality.Investing your personal savings is always a risk, but it is a necessary risk because without innovation it is not possible for your business to advance and develop further.And that’s why people fear this.That is the case especially if you decide to invest your personal savings, which you had been gathering for a long time.The fear of losing that money intended for “rainy days” is very high in some people and it makes them reluctant and indecisive when it comes to starting a new business or investing in the existing one.That itself is not a good thing, because, in order to survive in today’s dynamic working environment, businesses need to be able to invest in acquiring new things, new equipment, new knowledge or simply new ways of doing the necessary job.Without it, companies cannot hope to be competitive on the market and without the option to be competitive, there is really no chance for them to survive and become market leaders.6. FEAR OF TAKING RISKSome people hav e a high-risk aversion, meaning they are not quite prepared to do something that might be considered rash if that something could potentially hurt them, their business or their reputation.They fear that they could lose everything by making one single mistake.And sometimes, they are right, there is a decision that could cost you everything.But, every darkness needs light, every yin needs yang.Thus, every decision that could potentially have very negative effects could also be very lucrative and greatly improve your business.Sometimes the payoffs can be huge, so it is worth risking.But let’s take into consideration that not every risk is the same.There is a risk that is dangerous and the one that is calculated. We can think of risks gamblers take as a dangerous risk. Why is that, you may ask? How is that risk differently than others, since there is a real possibility to win?Well, gambling is a dangerous risk because, by gambling, you are betting your money based on luck, on somethin g that is not quite proven to be lucrative. You can never know how the slot machines are set up unless you are a math genius, in which case you might as well be kicked out of the casino for “cheating” the system.Calculated risk is a risk where you can plan every step of the way, and move inch by inch towards a set goal.That way, you can carefully examine the chances presented to you and invest in the most lucrative ones.7. FEAR OF BEING A DISAPPOINTMENT IN OTHER PEOPLES EYESAnother very common fear, not just every entrepreneur, but also every person has, is the fear of disappointing people you love or work with.Whether it is your boss or your family members, the feeling is the same and it is awful.Because of that, we often try to please others in an attempt to meet their expectations and not let them down.And sometimes, by doing that, we hurt ourselves and potentially our businesses, which is definitely not a good thing.Being an entrepreneur is kind of like being a Ring-bearer i n the popular movie.It is a heavy burden and you cannot trust anyone, but yourself in order to achieve the goals you had set and improve your business to the point where people can call it a successful business.That said, what you should do, is focus on all those things that are important to you and your business.Of course, sometimes it’s good to take the advice given to you, but you shouldn’t accept each and every one of them just to please other people’s wishes and meet their expectations.That is the only way you will be able to become an independent and successful entrepreneur, by completing your own goals and building your life around things that you feel passionate about, and not by creating something just to please other people.It is how you could conquer your fear of being a disappointment in other people’s eyes.8. FEAR OF BEING IN UNCOMFORTABLE SITUATIONSWe are often being put in uncomfortable situations, both in business and in every-day life. We can almost never kn ow when it will happen, so we are basically diving into it unprepared.That fact could induce fear in each and every one of us. Sometimes that fear can affect us so deeply that we aren’t able to do what is required of us.For example, let’s consider people who are afraid of public speaking.Those people often get very nervous and tend to make mistakes during their speeches, not because they are not professionals in their field, but simply because they succumbed to their fear.However, that can be avoided.All you need to do is prepare yourself a bit, by practicing and even putting yourself outside your comfort zone in order to get used to the feeling of discomfort, because in business, there will be a lot of uncomfortable situations for you to face, so you need to be prepared.It’s no different than doing the things you need to train for first, such as climbing or even skydiving.Before you do both of those things, you have to train and learn how to do that, step by step, by handling some uncomfortable situations as well.Only when you are familiar with being uncomfortable, you will be able to conquer your fears and stay calm in every situation you are about to face, which would look very professional in other people’s eyes.9. FEAR OF NOT BEING RIGHTOne of the key characteristics of successful entrepreneurs is a competitive nature. They simply have to be competitive in order to survive in today’s dynamic business environment.Without it, there would be fewer actions taken and a higher probability of a company going into demise.In that case, people are afraid of making mistakes or not being completely perfect in what they do because they think it would put them under their competition, which could mean they could lose clients and customers.Sometimes they are right, there are serious mistakes that could cost you a lot.But, that doesn’t mean you should stop trying to correct those mistakes.Making mistakes is a way of learning what is good and what is ugly, wha t could work and what will simply not work.Without that, you would just be restraining yourself to not making difficult decisions at all.By doing that, your business would become stagnant and eventually collapse, simply because you were afraid of making mistakes.Making a mistake is better than being stagnant and doing nothing at all. It would teach you what you did wrong and what you could do to make it right the next time you find yourself in a similar situation.So, don’t be too harsh on yourself if you make mistakes, but rather try to learn from it and become better at doing what you want to do.10. FEAR OF NOT BEING GOOD ENOUGHWhether you are an experienced worker or just a beginner, there will always be one question you will ask yourself, which is whether you are good enough for the job or not.No one can know everything and every one of us is good at something, while not being good at something else.What we can do is to constantly learn new things, acquire new skills and improv e on our business and general personalities.Doubting in yourself and your own abilities is a very dangerous fear to have, especially if you are an entrepreneur.Sometimes, even if other people believe in you, you can feel like you are just not good enough for something. This situation even has a professional name, an imposter syndrome.One of the characteristics of this syndrome is that people who have it always tend to try making everything to be perfect, even when it is not possible.That leads to stagnation and delays in business, and sometimes people even reject to take certain action because they think it is not good enough.It is a very harmful thing to do to yourself, so you should learn how to conquer that fear and become the best version of yourself.You should focus on achieving the goals you had set, without having to worry too much about perfectionism.Of course, it is always better to do something the right way, but that right way doesn’t always have to be the perfect way t o do things.11. FEAR OF SAYING NODuring our life and business career, there will be a lot of possible paths to take, a lot of different projects and opportunities to accept.Sometimes, a large number of those may look appealing to us, almost forcing us to accept everything.That could lead to our schedule being too busy we simply cannot handle it anymore, which is a very bad thing. We would become less productive and more tired, with less time to cool off and regain strength.In that regard, some people have a fear of rejecting certain opportunities that present to themselves, because they feel like they could miss something very important in the future.While sometimes it may be the case, it happens more often that accepting every opportunity you get is a waste of time, because you would spend your very valuable time doing some unimportant things, instead of focusing on doing activities that matter.If you are an entrepreneur, you should focus only on things that are relevant to your li ne of work.In order to develop your business and advance further, you need to focus on improving the way you handle your business, which sometimes means rejecting certain opportunities that are not so important for your company.CONCLUSIONHey folks, that was everything we had prepared for you today. We went over some of the most important fears every entrepreneur can encounter.In order for you to become a successful businessman, you will have to overcome all of these fears, which is not an easy task.With that in mind, we decided to help you a bit further by sharing an excellent video made by Patrick Bet-David, in which he talks about how to conquer all these fears and become a successful entrepreneur.

Parallels Between The Sun Also Rises by Hemingway and The...

Parallels Between The Sun Also Rises by Hemingway and The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald During the decade of the 1920s, America was going through many changes, evolving from the Victorian Period to the Jazz Age. Changing with the times, the young adults of the 1920s were considered the Lost Generation. The Great War was over in 1918. Men who returned from the war had the scars of war imprinted in their minds. The eighteenth amendment was ratified in 1919 which prohibited the manufacture, sale, or transportation of liquor in the United States. Despite the eighteenth amendment, most people think of large, lavish parties when thinking about the 1920s. The nineteenth amendment was passed in 1920 which gave women†¦show more content†¦As Jones summed up on a BBS response, The certainly love drinking from dawn til dawn (Jones 1160). In comparison, many of the characters of The Great Gatsby drank excessively, keeping in mind the story was set in the United States during prohibition. Jay Gatsby, a bootlegger, threw large, lavish parties at his grand estate during the su mmer evenings where the alcohol, food and music flowed. Characters such as Tom and Daisy Buchanan, Myrtle Wilson, Jordan Baker, and Nick Carraway enjoyed parties and drank excessively. Another important parallel to point out under the vice of excessive drinking is the fact that both Hemingway and Fitzgerald drank excessively. Their excessive drinking behaviors caused their writing to suffer (McDowell 91). The second parallel between a vice in Hemingways The Sun Also Rises and Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby is that of sexual promiscuity. The most promiscuous character in The Sun Also Rises is Brett Ashley. Nicholas McDowell described here as . . . an English aristocrat, alcoholic and promiscuous (McDowell 47). Here is a woman who is engaged to be married to Mike Campbell and had affairs with Robert Cohen and Pedro Romero while engaged. 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Personal Perspective On Social Work - 1422 Words

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Offenders Psychological and Physical Treatment Free Essays

All adult suspects who are accused of a crime have their rights protected under the U. S. Constitution whether they have a disability or not. We will write a custom essay sample on Offenders Psychological and Physical Treatment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The majority of crimes can be linked to some form of psychological disorder. According to the article Psychotherapy and Counseling for Offenders, if more psychological treatment were provided to offenders, reduction of recidivism may be obtained.Psychological evaluation for suspected offenders may include the review of all evidence collected from the crime scene; a clinical interview that reviews the defendant’s psychosocial history that includes any of their past psychological treatment or their past criminal offenses is performed. â€Å"Psychological testing to evaluate the presence of psychological disorders, psychopathy, or personality characteristics that may have mediated rational decision making or interfered with judgment or perception† (Guidance Associates of Pennsylvania, 2010, p. ), is also a part of the pre-sentencing psychological evaluation.Those who are accused of sexual offenses psychological evaluations are recommended for treatment recommendations to the court. Sexual assault crimes are committed by those who may have a wide array of psychological problems and it is important to identify the underlying disorder that may have contributed to a person committing a sexual offense. Mental retardation, psychotic disorders, personality disorders, and substance abuse may influence an individual‘s sexual behavior thus leading to their sexual offense. The Eighth Amendment prohibits excessive bail and cruel and unusual punishment. Law enforcement officers are to respect and protect human rig hts and dignity at all times. Use of force is only used when absolutely necessary and only to the extent required for them to perform their duty no force beyond that may be used.Police officers are to ensure that offenders who are injured receive medical attention and that their families are properly notified. While under arrest or in the custody of law enforcement personnel a person has the right to be free from physical harm and evaluated for any psychological problems that should be addressed to ensure the person accused knows and understands their rights and those with disabilities have the appropriate provisions made.References: Guidance Associates of Pennsylvania: Forensic Services (2005). Retrieved from: http://www. guidancepa. com/forensics. htm#psycheval. Rights of the Criminally Accused (2004). Retrieved from: http://www. moadvocacy. org/Manuals/LegalRights/RightsCriminallyAccused. pdf. Psychotherapy and Counseling for Offenders (1999). Retrieved from: http://www. psychologyinfo. com/forensic/offender_counseling. html How to cite Offenders Psychological and Physical Treatment, Papers

Marketing reasearch Essay Example

Marketing reasearch Essay Cebu Pacific Airlines is an airline established on Ayrton Miguel G. de Leon graduated from Operation Brotherhood Montessori Center Inc. Greenhills branch (OBMCI-GH). He had no academic awards but was always active in sports; he played varsity basketball all 4 years, won a championship as a captain in his senior year. He was also active in his CAT training as a non- commissioned officer won awards in the fancy drill competition and received a medal for excellence and loyalty. He is now currently enrolled at San Beda College-Mendiola, Manila taking up BSBA Marketing and Corp Communications. He Joined the San Beda Flag Football Association (SBFFA) and took the position of External Vice President on his 2nd year before the organization was no longer active. And now he is a member of the Philppine Punishers an American Football team representing the country against other countries in the Asia Pacific. Imman B. Silvera graduated from Don Bosco High School at Mandaluyong. His hobbies are playing basketball, guitar and billiards. He enrolled at San Beda College- Mendiola, Manila in 2005 taking up BS Philosophy and later shifted to BSBA Marketing And Corporate Communications . We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing reasearch specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing reasearch specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing reasearch specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He was also a former member of the San Beda Rowing Team. His family serves as an inspiration for him to complete his studies and to pursue his dreams. Kevin A. Villanueva graduated from our lady of perpetual succor college (high school) and got 2 awards including 1st place in Filipino quiz bee and 2nd place in Science quiz bee and became a varsity in table tennis and baseball when he was in ateneo, attended ateneo de manila university when he was in primary level. Currently enrolled at San Beda College-Mendiola, Manila taking up BSBA Marketing and Corporate Communications. August 26, 1988, and started operating on March 8, 1996. Republic Act No. 71 51, which grants franchise to Cebu Air, Inc. n August 30, 1991, Cebu Pacific was acquired wholly as a subsidiary of JG Summit Holdings, controlled by the Gokongwei Family- one of the richest Filipino-Chinese families based in the Philippines. Cebu Pacific Airlines is now headed by Lance Gokongwei, the presumptive heir of one of tne rlcnest ana one 0T tne most powerTul Duslness tycoons In tne pnlllpplnes, Jonn Gokonwei, the chairman of JG Summit Holdings. In the early years Cebu Pacific was known to be a decent airline, flying both domestic and international flights. They have flights going from Metro Manila to Metro Cebu, Metro Manila to Metro Davao, Metro Manila to Iloilo etc. Cebu Pacific also have International flights like Manila to Beijing, Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan etc, all Asian countries. Cebu Pacific Air is Asias third largest low cost airline based in Pasay City, Metro Manila, Philippines. It is the countrys leading carrier for domestic flights. Cebu Pacific Air has the most domestic destinations with the largest number of flights and routes, and equipped with the youngest fleet. Its main base is at Ninoy Aquino International Airport (NAIA), Manila with other hubs at Mactan-Cebu International Airport, Francisco Bangoy International Airport, and at Diosdao Macapagal International Airport. Two (2) years into business Cebu Pacific was hit with a huge controversy when their plane crashed, it happened on February 2, 1998; Cebu Pacific flight 387 (5J387), was a domestic flight coming from Ninoy Aquino international Airport Manila, was on its way to Lumbia Airport in Cagayan de Oro City in Mindanao island. Their aircraft the 31 year old Mcdonnell Douglas DC-9-32 crashed on the slopes of Mt. Sumagaya in Misamis Oriental. The crash was said to be one of the most deadly aviation accidents in Manila, Philippines killing all 104 people on board, the plane carried five (5) crew members and ninety- ine (99) mostly Filipino passengers which iincluded five (5) children and five (5) passengers from other countries from Australia, Austria, Japan, Switzerland, and Canada. There were also initial reports erroneously indicated that fifteen (15) people had survived the crash. Colonel Jacinto Ligot was the chief of the Philippine Air Force rescue team, which faced a lot of difficulties because of the deep ravines and dense vegetation on the slopes of the mountain. The pilots of the Cebu Pacific Aircraft were flying visually and not instrumentally, when their plane vanished from the radar. While the skies were clear at the airport, the mountains may have been covered by the fogs. Chief of Staff General Clemente Mariano speculated that the plane almost cleared the top of the mountain, but may have suffered a downward-draft, causing it to hit the mountain. The airplane left Manila at 0100 GMT and was scheduled to arrive at 0303 GMT in Cagayan de Oro. The plane made a stopover at Tacloban City on 0220 GMT, though sources differ about whether it was a scheduled or an unscheduled stop. The last contact was 15 minutes before the plane was due to land, with the airport tower. In that call, the pilot said he was 68 kilometers away from the airport and was starting to descend. There was no indication that the plane was in trouble. The plane crashed 45 kilometers away from the airport. This incident proved to hurt the sales on what was then a new company Cebu Pacific. Because after this incident Cebu Pacific was forced to be grounded but only after a month they continued their services after their aircrafts were re-certificated. Even when all their aircrafts were re-certified, people were still hesitant to buy trips from Cebu Pacific because of this incident. So what management and marketing had to do was find a way to bring customers back in their airplanes to prove that Cebu Pacific was once again safe. Cebu Pacific came out with its time every Juan flies what it mearns is Cebu Pacific, offers low budget flights, so that every Filipino can start going around the country or, out of the country at very affordable price compared to anyone in the market. wnat tney Tocusea on to get tnese Tllgnts so aTToraaDle, was to Tocus on getting trained pilots, crew training and expertise, fuel, aircraft maintenance, on time reliability, service, and new planes. And with that, they took out payment for newspapers, lounges, paper tickets, frequent flyer program and free meals. Cebu Pacific also partnered with SIA Engineering Company ( the number 1 aircraft maintenance provider in Asia) which guarantees expert maintenance support in all the airports Cebu Pacific flies to. On late November 2001, Cebu Pacific Air started operating international flights with a twice- daily service to Hong Kong and then March 1, 2002, Cebu Pacific Air introduced thrice-weekly flights to Seoul which proved to be really effective because of the more affordable prices Filipinos now have a hance to go out of the country at a very affordable price. Now the question is has Cebu Pacific, come back in a way that it can now be compared to other airlines in Asia or worldwide. With the conceptual and theoretical framework provided below questions that will have to be explored are: 1 . ) How will Cebu Pacific Airline Manage to stay on the top 3 of low budget airlines? 2. ) How will Cebu Pacific maintain its world class standards with it being a budget airline? 3. ) How Ccould Cebu Pacific keep in touch with their customers? 4. ) How will Cebu Pacific guarantee the safety of their customers? Figure 1: Conceptual Framework The Conceptual framework that we used was how to get customers back after crash incident happened, what we want to do is, to get the customers back and how we can get and build their trust, so that they can come back and have customer loyalty. In the airline industry service is one of the most important assets of the company, when your service quality is positive this will result to good customer satisfaction, with good customer satisfaction there is no reason for the customer not to come back for your service. But when customer satisfaction is low, the company can receive complaints nd improve on the customer needs. Brand image is also important to the company, this is because this is how your company portrays itself to the public if you dont have good brand image customers will not go to you. This is why it is important for Cebu Pacific to rebound from their crash incident because when people heard about the incident, people thought it was not a good idea to purchase flights because it was not safe. After fulfilling the customer needs the most important thing is to maintain the customer satisfaction so that the customers will come back to you. Theoretical Framework Cebu Pacific Airlines is owned by one of the biggest companies in the Philippines which is JG Summit. What Cebu Pacific has to do is maintain world class standards in service for a low budget costs solutions are: (1) Brand new planes = efficiency, planes that are hi tech have low maintenance and more fuel efficiency. Because of this, costs are reduced and savings will be seen (2) Joint Venture = Expert Inexpensive Malntenance Avlatlon Partnersnlps wltn otner engineering companies tnat will guarantee expert maintenance support to any airport that they fly to so that Expensive Maintenance will not be made (3)lmproved Website = Ticket insurance should be faster and cheaper, open 2417 websites in English, Filipino, and other languages and Electronic ticketing (4)No Paper Tickets = no paper and printing costs use only itinerary receipts that will be part of the system no need for paper printing just bring receipt with valid ids (5)Quality and Value-oriented service no need for newspapers free meals Just what matter most service, pilots, fuel, maintenance etc. and maintain its customer service. Methodology A research design is a master plan specifying the methods and procedures for ollecting and analysing the data. It is a strategy or blueprint that plans the action for carrying through the research project data. A research design involves a series of rational decision-making choices depending upon the various options available to the researchers. This study is descriptive in nature. It provides a description of competencies of marketing professionals in the current industry through in-depth interviews that provided first-hand information. Descriptive research provides insights into and comprehension of an issue or situation. This research design helps to determine the est research design, data collection method and selection of subjects. Types of Research Design, Correlational, Field (survey), Experimental, Qualitative, Meta- analysis. The researchers chose descriptive interview essentially in-depth interview to determine employers perspectives on how company can rebound from their bad impression. Through this method, the researchers will be able to specify each detail on how the respondent will react on the company. By using descriptive interview, it allows too study the participants in their natural setting, secondly, it maximizes the realism. The researchers chose respondents that will help in providing the information relevant for the study. The researchers will interview 15 random employers who experience to ride an airplane. Two types of interviews, unstructured and semi-structured, their usage depending on the aim of the study. Semi-structured interviews are characterized by topic guides containing major questions that are used in the same way in every interview. Semi-structured interviewing is suitable when the researcher already has some grasp of what is happening within the sample in relation to the research topic. Unstructured interviewing allows the respondent to tell their own stories in their own words, with prompting by the interviewer. Its objective is to find out what kind of things is happening rather than to determine the frequency of predetermined kinds of things that the researcher already believes can happen. Regardless 0T wnetner unstructured or seml-structurea, tne questlons posed aurlng the interview should be as open-ended as possible, in order to avoid simple answer or rehearsed aanswers. In this study, the researchers utilized a semi-structured interview. The researchers will characterized by topic guides in every interview in rder to gain standard information from respondents. It is important to build a rapport with the interviewee before starting the interview so that both sides can feel more at ease. Different ways of posing questions and using probing and prompting help to elicit more information or steer the interview. The interview involves questions that correspond to the objectives of the study. The development of the questions of the interview guide was based from the actual statement of the problem of this research paper. The process also involved examination of the theoretical framework and existing related literature to include ssential items as criteria for designing the questions in the interview guide. Prior to the interview proper, each respondent will be sent a copy of the interview guide. They will be given an ample time of ten days (10) to prepare aanswers for the actual interview. If allowed by the respondent, the researchers will video the actual interview on the actual date of appearance. Related Literature Customer loyalty to a company or to a store is very important in a business. It will increase your sales more, it will help you introduce a new product and most especially it will be your greatest adverstisment, I am talking about the word of outh. People will refer you to their friends and you will gain more customers. Cebu Pacific Airlines is an airline established on August 26, 1988, and started operating on March 8, 1996. According to the Journal marketing research 2009, Keeping your customers happy and contented will make your business good. Having such as loyalty programs would make them your loyal customers. Having loyal customers is the most important thing, however if all of your competitors including you offers, loyalty program it would be now useless. It will be Just an increase in expenses. To increase service pproduactivity, many companies utilize automation extensively to reduce the use of labor. However, greater use of automation does not always result to higher service quality, and the effectiveness of automation is providing service hinges on how advanced the technology level is Oennifer J argo Katherine white). Studies show that customers are willing to spend more with products that are high in quality and spend less with products low on quality. Even if the price is high consumers will still choose to purchase that product compared to a product that is cheap but is less n quality. When consumers are given more choices for a certain product, they will be more concerned with the price rather than the quality because price is much easier to be noticed compared to quality, like Cebu pacific giving discounts but has the quality like the other high end airlines such as pal. Having a popular brand is the most Important tnlng Tor a producer to De successTul. IT a consumer Keeps on nearlng and seeing a certain brand it is most likely that the consumer will avail of it rather than trying a brand that he is not familiar with. A lot of companies are investing illions and millions Just to maintain their brand names and make it popular so that people will invest more in their products and they will be loyal customers Oournal marketing research 2007. ) Prior research has found that under certain conditions, small packages can paradoxically increase consumption. This work suggest that people low in appearance self-esteem are particularly sensitive to external control properties and as a result, increase consumption levels when packages are small. Cebu Pacific Airlines giving affordable price by giving discount to consumers to grab heir attention to keep on moving up their sales and to get known in the industries. Self controlling usually occurs when people have long term goals. People tend to get impatient to save money to buy their long term goal eg. House, car. People tend to use their money for short term pleasures eg. Beers, gimmicks. This will result to failing their dream of buying their long term goals. Consumers with an active with an active self-regulatory goal will tend to focus on the cost of the things they are purchasing rather than pleasure, as a result they will be more successful in attaining their long term goals Oournal marketing research 2006. Companies are challenge to improve their promotion methods in order for them to make a good name and to maintain their products in the market. Retailers are afraid or in great risk whenever they face a new product because of the high ppercentage of failure. Considering the new products that were endorsed before, only a few of them survived. New products are also considered critical for the long term success of firms. They also observed that the new products have the same method of how it is being introduced to the market and most of them were not successful. This Journal also suggests that a tong relationship between the product and the retail buyers will make a new product successful. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION In this part of the research, results from the data collection method were then gathered and analyzed for interpretation of data. Survey question can be view at the Appendix I of this research. This part will show the results and explain in detail each and every answer to the objectives of this paper. The first objective of this research is to know what aspect of the marketing sources affects the consumers. In a marketing source, there are four categories: price, place, promotions, and service. These four are then categorized to a more specific manner to show which part of it affects the consumer the most. least rating which in return, tells that the functionality of the product has the least effect on consumer spending. Eighty-seven per cent (87%) of the respondents say that the quality has the most influence on their consumer spending behavior as you can see on Table 2. It affects them the greatest and 5% of the population say that it does not affect their spending behavior at all. Most people see quality as the basis for their spending behavior. What they see with thers have a great effect on them and they create this psychological fact that having the same would be satisfying to them. Service Rating Verbal Interpretation Service MOSTNEED Brand name 3. 0 NEED Quality 3. 92 Pricing 3. 81 Table 1. 0 These researches, the four categories of the marketing sources were analyzed. According to the Table 1 above this shows the one of the marketing source which is the Service. Under the Brand name there are four characteristic or qualities that each respondents rated according to show what they need. Service has the greatest mean rating among the four. Having the rate of 3. 92/4. 0. This shows that Quality has thea greatest influence among the respondents who participated in this research. Half of the respondents say that brand name is influential but not to the extent that it is more important than anything else. Meaning to say that the brand name of the product in important to consumers but mostly people spend by Service. (Refer to Table 2) Also, half of the respondents say that service is the most need to spend by the consumer; it is next to quality which mearns that, consumer wants is the best service that you can give to them so they will go back for some more. 45 33 31 9 Brand Name 5 18 3 47 17 5 Prlclng 12 4 Table 2. 0 Customer intend to spend money who will give them good service (Refer table 2. ). Quality is the second to the highest ppercentage that the correspondents rate that give the researcher the idea that giving service plus the quality of it will give good results on giving customer service. On the other hand, pricing is also need to consider as one of the important role of giving service but low price cost. Now we briefly answer the research objective number 5 The other objective is the pricing. The research objective is; how will Cebu pacific manage to be in the top 3 budgeted irline, the researchers conduct a survey question which will answer this objective. See survey questionnaire at the appendix l. Another segment to answer the objective is to determine the pricing. Affordability is influential to 68% of the respondents. When a product or a service is affordable, people tend to buy them. It also becomes a vital part in the consumers decision making process. People who are trying to make ends meet try to purchase products and services that are of low Price has always been a dynamic part of marketing strategy. Pricing is important to marketing since it enerates the income needed by the company in order to grow and expand. The price of the product/services sometimes becomes the value of a brand. Price Affordability 3. 12 Most Need Seasonal Pricing 3. 16 Discounts 3. 37 Suggested Retail Price 3. 22 Table 3. 0 58 10 2 6 Srp 41 16 7 Table 4. 0 Discounts influence constitutes to 58% of the respondents (refer to Table 4. 0) perception. Discounts offers consumers lower prices and thus making it easier to afford. Discounts often happen when there is surplus or when there is an event. Price discounting is a technique whereby businesses offers consumers incentive to nduce them to purchase products and services. Seasonal pricing is very influential to 47% of the respondents in this research. Businesses adjust prices and create promotional events to increase profit. Since it is seasonal, demands are higher and businesses are able to maximize their profits during these times. Christmas is the one of the most popular season in the country, many business utilize this season to earn. Suggested retail price or SRP is commonly seen in nowadays in the products advertisements. According to 44% of the respondents (refer to table 4), SRP is very influential to consumers. Suggested retail prices shows the minimum price a retailer could use to that would give them enough profit in selling the product. Sometimes, although SRPs are being advertised, retailers tend to mark up their prices. Marketing sources are influential to most of the respondents. All of its categories: place, price, promotions, and place has been influential to most of the consumers. But mostly, brand name has the most influence on consumers since it becomes the vital part on the consumers buying process. The fourth object of this research is to find the kind of reference group which mostly affects the consumers. Reference groups are what consumers use as standard of reference against oneself to be compared to. According to the data gathered in this research, friends are influential to 66% of the respondents (refer to table 5. 0) Consumers often go shopping with friends. Their friends opinions and views influence a consumer on the perception in buying. Friends help consumers to evaluate products, brand, and stores that it ennances consumers motlvatlon to purcnase a pr Friends 28 Family Acquaintance 42 8 Colleagues Table 5. 0 oauct or a servlce. has become a primary influence to consumers buying process. Colleagues are influential among the 44% of the respondents. Colleagues are the people associated with consumers. Most respondents say that colleagues are influential to them. In some time of the day, people communicate with their colleagues and they exchange ideas and opinions. One main reason why it is influential to consumers. The exchange of ideas gives them the motivation to purchase a product or service, being told by the other the experience the person had in purchasing the product. Acquaintance is influential to 45% of the respondents in this research. Reference Group Verbal Influence 3. 21 3. 23